TOXINS 2021 : de nouvelles analyses de données issues d’études pivotales de Phase III mettent en évidence la durée d’action prolongée de Dysport® (abobotulinumtoxinA) dans cinq indications thérapeutiques

Des analyses de données d’études pivotales sur Dysport^® révèlent qu’une grande proportion des patients n’ont pas eu besoin de re-traitement pendant 12 semaines ou plus (16 semaines ou plus pour la spasticité des membres supérieurs chez l’enfant).
Les nouvelles analyses ont montré que Dysport^® apporte une longue durée de réponse.
Ces données constituent l’un des 26 abstracts présentés par Ipsen lors du Congrès TOXINS 2021, qui se déroulera dans un format virtuel du 16 au 17 janvier 2021. Les découvertes présentées lors de ce congrès apportent de nouvelles perspectives en termes de recherche, de développement et de fabrication, y compris des bénéfices cliniques et économiques dans la prise en charge de la dystonie cervicale et de la spasticité^1-28.

Paris, France, le 15 janvier 2021 — Ipsen (Euronext : IPN ; ADR : IPSEY) a annoncé les résultats de nouvelles analyses de données d’études cliniques pivotales de Phase III évaluant les intervalles d’injection de Dysport^® sur des cycles de traitement répétés (abobotulinumtoxinA [aboBoNT-A]) dans cinq populations de patients. « AbobotulinumtoxinA: Evidence for Long Duration of Response from 5 Patient Populations » sera présenté lors du Congrès TOXINS 2021, organisé par l’International Neurotoxin Association du 16 au 17 janvier 2020 dans un format virtuel^1-28. Ipsen partagera 26 abstracts à l’occasion du congrès, comprenant des mises à jour d’études récemment publiées sur l’expérience des patients et des soignants, des données de l’essai de Phase IV ULIS-III, et dix abstracts issus de la recherche fondamentale sur les neurotoxines^1-27.

La spasticité est l’une des pathologies les plus courantes et les plus invalidantes associées à de nombreux troubles neurologiques chez l’adulte. Elle se caractérise par une exagération vitesse-dépendante du tonus musculaire. La spasticité se traduit par une raideur musculaire qui entraîne une invalidité à plusieurs niveaux, y compris des troubles de la mobilité et des difficultés à utiliser les mains, des douleurs, une défiguration et des contractures.²⁹

Les nouvelles analyses des données d’études cliniques pivotales de Phase III comprenaient des essais cliniques randomisés et des études d’extension en ouvert évaluant les intervalles d’injection de Dysport^® sur des cycles de traitement répétés dans la prise en charge de la dystonie cervicale (CD), de la spasticité des membres inférieurs (ALL) et supérieurs (AUL) chez l’adulte, et de la spasticité des membres inférieurs (PLL) et supérieurs (PUL) chez l’enfant. La flexibilité du protocole des études a permis à de nombreux patients de ne pas recevoir de nouvelle injection avant la semaine 12 (semaine 16 pour l’indication PUL), selon les besoins cliniques.¹

Les résultats issus des cinq populations de patients ont démontré que Dysport^® apportait une longue durée de réponse lorsqu’il était injecté à la dose recommandée et approuvée. Une grande proportion de patients n’ont pas eu besoin de re-traitement pendant plus de 12 à 16 semaines (% de patients ayant reçu une injection à la semaine 16 ou plus tard) : dans l’étude sur l’indication CD : 72,6-81,5 %, étude sur l’indication ALL : 20,1-32,0 %, étude sur l’indication AUL : 24,0-36,9 %, études sur l’indication PLL : (72,8-93,8 % ; (% d’enfants n’ayant pas reçu de nouvelle injection avant la semaine 22 dans l’étude sur l’indication PUL : 19,6-67,0 %) dans les cinq études pivotales sur Dysport^®, avec des résultats de tolérance conformes aux attentes.¹

Les résultats observés lors des études cliniques de Phase III d’Ipsen ont été étayés par les données en vie réelle de l’étude observationnelle ULIS-III — la plus grande étude de ce genre évaluant une approche clinique structurée dans la définition des objectifs et la mesure des résultats.

Le Docteur Alberto Esquenazi, chercheur au Sheerr Gait and Motion Analysis Laboratory sur le campus MossRehab aux États-Unis, et auteur principal et investigateur principal de l’étude, a commenté : « La diminution du soulagement des symptômes peut entraîner une douleur et des difficultés de mouvement entre les traitements. Ces données ont démontré que la durée de réponse de Dysport^® diminue le risque de récidive des symptômes avant la prochaine injection. »

« Nous nous efforçons constamment de découvrir de nouvelles possibilités dans l’usage thérapeutique des toxines botuliques, y compris sur des aspects clés du traitement tels que la durée de réponse, » a déclaré le Docteur Steven Hildemann, Vice-Président Exécutif, Chief Medical Officer, Responsable des Affaires médicales Monde et de la Sécurité des Patients, Ipsen. « L’étendue des données que nous partagerons lors du Congrès TOXINS 2021 soulignent l’engagement d’Ipsen à faire progresser la science et à comprendre l’impact réel de la spasticité et de la dystonie pour apporter des traitements aux bénéfices individuels et cliniques. »

Suivez Ipsen sur Twitter via @IpsenGroup et tenez-vous au courant des informations et actualités du Congrès TOXINS 2021 en utilisant le hashtag #ina_toxins.

Aperçu des présentations Ipsen lors du Congrès TOXINS 2021^1-27:

Titre de l’abstract

AbobotulinumtoxinA: Evidence for Long Duration of Response from 5 Patient Populations

Alberto Esquenazi, Mauricio R. Delgado, Robert A. Hauser, Andreas Lysandropoulos, Jean-Michel Gracies

The Systematic Approach to Developing a Cell-Free Platform Process for Recombinant Toxin Production

Williams Olughu, Kevin Moore, Cillian Paget, David Gruber

Digitisation of Toxin Development

Alison Mason, Sian Richardson, Alina Bugajewska-Waller, David Gruber

Automated fermentation platform for Toxin-based Therapeutics

Stanislav Pepeliaev

Quantity of Prabotulinumtoxin Type A in 100U vials

David Allcock, Andrew Splevins, Hamzah Baig, Daniel Higazi

3D reconstruction and analysis of neuromuscular junction distribution in whole skeletal muscles in the rat using light-sheet microscopy

Denis Carré, Renaud Morin, Marine Norlund, Aurélie Gomes, Jean-Michel Lagarde, Stephane Lezmi

BoNT Intoxication: Functional Genomics Reveals an Unexpected Trafficking Route

Jeremy Yeo, Omar Loss, Iwona Ziomkiewicz, Johannes Krupp, Felicia Tay, Keith Foster, Matthew Beard, Frederic Bard

Effects of recombinant botulinum neurotoxin type A1 on CFA-induced mechanical allodynia and sensory neurone responses to mechanical stimulation monitored with GCaMP fluorescence in mice

Beatrice Oehler, Cindy Perier, Amy Fisher, Mikhail Kalinichev and Stephen McMahon

Management of Symptom Re-Emergence in Patients Living with Spasticity and Cervical Dystonia: Findings from 2 Online Patient Surveys

Alberto Esquenazi, Joaquim J. Ferreira, Jorge Jacinto, Andreas Lysandropoulos, Cynthia Comella

Patients Experiences of Symptom Re-Emergence: Findings from 2 Online Patient Surveys in Spasticity and Cervical Dystonia

Alberto Esquenazi, Joaquim J. Ferreira, Jorge Jacinto, Andreas Lysandropoulos, Cynthia Comella

Patient Perceptions of Spasticity and Treatment Satisfaction Over the Course of a Botulinum Neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) Treatment Cycle: An Ethnographic Study of Stroke Survivors

Jorge Jacinto, Andreas Lysandropoulos, Antony Fulford Smith

Longitudinal Goal Attainment with Integrated Upper Limb Spasticity Management Including Botulinum Toxin A: Primary Results from the ULIS-III Study

Lynne Turner-Stokes, Klemens Fheodoroff, Jorge Jacinto, Allison Brashear, Pascal Maisonobe, Andreas Lysandropoulos, Stephen Ashford

Real-Life Data on the Time to Retreatment with Botulinum Toxin A in Upper Limb Spasticity Management

Jorge Jacinto, Stephen Ashford, Klemens Fheodoroff, Allison Brashear, Pascal Maisonobe, Andreas Lysandropoulos, Lynne Turner-Stokes

Pain in Cervical Dystonia: A Meta-Analysis of Outcomes Following Treatment with AbobotulinumtoxinA in Randomized, Controlled Clinical Studies

Raymond L. Rosales, Lorraine Cuffe, Benjamin Regnault, Richard M Trosch

Impact of patient input on the study execution of an observational study assessing the effectiveness of abobotulinumtoxinA treatment in leg spasticity management in adults

Alberto Esquenazi, Pascal Maisonobe, Carlos Durán Sánchez, Andreas Lysandropoulos, Stephen Ashford

Improvement of Spastic Paresis and Cervical Dystonia Management: Assessment of Seven Years of the Innovative International Educational Program Ixcellence Network^®

Nigar Dursun, Tae Mo Chung, Carlo Colosimo, Roongroj Bhidayasiri, Kailash Bhatia, Julie Tiley, Jorge Jacinto

Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Liquid Formulation AbobotulinumtoxinA for the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Glabellar Lines: A Phase III, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled and Open-Label Repeat Injection Study

Philippe Kestemont, Said Hilton, Bill Andriopoulos, Inna Prygova, Catherine Thompson, Magali Volteau, Benjamin Ascher

Patient satisfaction with abobotulinumtoxinA for aesthetic use in the upper face: A Systematic literature review and post hoc analysis of the APPEAL study

Riekie Smit, Elena Gubanova, Joely Kaufman, Marina Landau, Beatriz Molina, Bill Andriopoulos, Pascal Maisonobe, Inna Prygova, Alessio Redaelli

BoNT-As for Adult Spasticity and Cervical Dystonia: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis and the Cost of Response in the United Kingdom

Karissa Johnston, Natalya Danchenko, Talshyn Bolatova, John Whalen

Economic outcomes in real-world use of botulinum toxin-A products for adult patients with upper limb spasticity: a UK perspective

Lynne Turner-Stokes, Stephen Ashford, Jorge Jacinto, Klemens Fheodoroff, Natalya Danchenko, Pascal Maisonobe, Michael Williams, John Whalen

Cost-Effectiveness of BoNT-A Products for Treatment of Pediatric Spasticity in the United Kingdom

Natalya Danchenko, Karissa Johnston, Talshyn Bolatova, John Whalen

The Spasticity-Related Quality of Life 6-Dimensions Tool (SQOL-6D) in Upper Limb Spasticity: A First Psychometric Evaluation

Lynne Turner-Stokes, Klemens Fheodoroff, Jorge Jacinto, Jeremy Lambert, Christine de la Loge, John Whalen, Pascal Maisonobe, Stephen Ashford

AbobotulinumtoxinA in the Management of Hallux Valgus in Adult Patients: Results of a Randomized and Placebo-Controlled Phase II Trial

Selene G Parekh, David G Armstrong, Lawrence A DiDomenico, Babak Baravarian, Magali Volteau, Robert Silva

Dosing from a Phase 3, Pivotal Study of AbobotulinumtoxinA Injection in Upper-Limb Muscles in Pediatric Patients with Cerebral Palsy

Joyce Oleszek, Ann Tilton, Jorge Carranza, Nigar Dursun, Marcin Bonikowski, Edward Dabrowski, Benjamin Regnault, Mauricio R. Delgado on behalf of the Dysport in PUL study group

Efficacy and Safety of AbobotulinumtoxinA in Pediatric Lower Limb Spasticity: 2^nd Interim Results from a Phase IV, Prospective, Observational, Multicenter Study

Mark Gormley, Edward Dabrowski, Ann Tilton, Asare Christian, Sarah Helen Evans, Pascal Maisonobe, Stefan Wietek

Development of the Hygiene Extension Limb Position Pain (HELP) Tool to Monitor Waning of Clinical Efficacy in Patients with Spasticity or Cervical Dystonia Treated with Botulinum Toxins

Atul Patel, Stefan Wietek, Edward Dabrowski

Références

Esquenazi et al., TOXINS 2021. AbobotulinumtoxinA: Evidence for Long Duration of Response from 5 Patient Populations.
Olughu et al., TOXINS 2021. The Systematic Approach to Developing a Cell-Free Platform Process for Recombinant Toxin Production.
Mason et al., TOXINS 2021. Digitisation of Toxin Development
Pepeliaev S., TOXINS 2021. Automated fermentation platform for Toxin-based Therapeutics.
Allcock et al., TOXINS 2021. Quantity of Prabotulinumtoxin Type A in 100U vials.
Pryazhnikov et al., TOXINS 2021. Local cortical injection of AbobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport®) enhances the laser injury-induced microglial cell migration and process extension in in mice.
Carré et al., TOXINS 2021. 3D reconstruction and analysis of neuromuscular junction distribution in whole skeletal muscles in the rat using light-sheet microscopy.
Yeo et al., TOXINS 2021. BoNT Intoxication: Functional Genomics Reveals an Unexpected Trafficking Route.
Oehler et al., TOXINS 2021. Effects of recombinant botulinum neurotoxin type A1 on CFA-induced mechanical allodynia and sensory neurone responses to mechanical stimulation monitored with GCaMP fluorescence in mice.
Esquenazi et al., TOXINS 2021. Management of Symptom Re-Emergence in Patients Living with Spasticity and Cervical Dystonia: Findings from 2 Online Patient Surveys
Esquenazi et al., TOXINS 2021. Patients Experiences of Symptom Re-Emergence: Findings from 2 Online Patient Surveys in Spasticity and Cervical Dystonia.
Jacinto et al., TOXINS 2021. Patient Perceptions of Spasticity and Treatment Satisfaction Over the Course of a Botulinum Neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) Treatment Cycle: An Ethnographic Study of Stroke Survivors.
Turner-Stokes et al., TOXINS 2021. Longitudinal Goal Attainment with Integrated Upper Limb Spasticity Management Including Botulinum Toxin A: Primary Results from the ULIS-III Study.
Jacinto et al., TOXINS 2021. Real-Life Data on the Time to Retreatment with Botulinum Toxin A in Upper Limb Spasticity Management.
Rosales et al., TOXINS 2021. Pain in Cervical Dystonia: A Meta-Analysis of Outcomes Following Treatment with AbobotulinumtoxinA in Randomized, Controlled Clinical Studies.
Esquenazi et al., TOXINS 2021. Impact of patient input on the study execution of an observational study assessing the effectiveness of abobotulinumtoxinA treatment in leg spasticity management in adults.
Dursun et al., TOXINS 2021. Improvement of Spastic Paresis and Cervical Dystonia Management: Assessment of Seven Years of the Innovative International Educational Program Ixcellence Network^®.
Kestemont et al., TOXINS 2021. Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Liquid Formulation AbobotulinumtoxinA for the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Glabellar Lines: A Phase III, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled and Open-Label Repeat Injection Study.
Smit et al., TOXINS 2021. Patient satisfaction with abobotulinumtoxinA for aesthetic use in the upper face: A Systematic literature review and post hoc analysis of the APPEAL study.
Johnston et al., TOXINS 2021. BoNT-As for Adult Spasticity and Cervical Dystonia: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis and the Cost of Response in the United Kingdom.
Turner-Stokes et al., TOXINS 2021. Economic outcomes in real-world use of botulinum toxin-A products for adult patients with upper limb spasticity: a UK perspective.
Danchenko et al., TOXINS 2021. Cost-Effectiveness of BoNT-A Products for Treatment of Pediatric Spasticity in the United Kingdom
Turner-Stokes et al., TOXINS 2021. The Spasticity-Related Quality of Life 6-Dimensions Tool (SQOL-6D) in Upper Limb Spasticity: A First Psychometric Evaluation
Parekh et al., TOXINS 2021. AbobotulinumtoxinA in the Management of Hallux Valgus in Adult Patients: Results of a Randomized and Placebo-Controlled Phase II Trial.
Oleszek et al., TOXINS 2021. Dosing from a Phase 3, Pivotal Study of AbobotulinumtoxinA Injection in Upper-Limb Muscles in Pediatric Patients with Cerebral Palsy.
Gormley et al., TOXINS 2021. Efficacy and Safety of AbobotulinumtoxinA in Pediatric Lower Limb Spasticity: 2nd Interim Results from a Phase IV, Prospective, Observational, Multicenter Study.
Patel et al., TOXINS 2021. Development of the Hygiene Extension Limb Position Pain (HELP) Tool to Monitor Waning of Clinical Efficacy in Patients with Spasticity or Cervical Dystonia Treated with Botulinum Toxins
TOXINS 2021 Virtual Congress. Virtual Congress Hall. TOXINS. Available at: https://www.neurotoxins.org/toxins-2021-virtual/#:~:text=The%20TOXINS%202021%20virtual%20conference%20will%20provide%20participants%20with%20important,head%20and%20neck%2C%20limb%20dystonia%2C. Accessed January 2021.
Mayo Clinic. Cervical Dystonia. Available at https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervical- dystonia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354123. Accessed December 2020.
John Hopkins Medicine. Spasticity. Accessed: December 2020. Available at: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and- diseases/spasticity. Accessed December 2020.
American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Spasticity. Available at: https://www.aans.org/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Spasticity. Accessed December 2020.
American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Movement Disorders. Available at: https://www.aans.org/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Movement-Disorders. Accessed December 2020.
Kuo C. Post-stroke Spasticity: A review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatments. Int J Gerontol 2018;12:280-284.
Royal College of Physicians, British Society of Rehabilitation, “Spasticity in adults: management using botulinum toxin. National Guidelines”; 2018
Claypool D, et al. Epidemiology and outcome of cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) in Rochester, Minnesota. Movement Disorders 1995;10: 608-614.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Dystonias Fact Sheet. Available at https://www.ninih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Dystonias-Fact-Sheet. Accessed December 2020.
Castelão M, et al. Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017;12:CD003633.
American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Dystonia. Available at http://www.aans.org/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Dystonia. Accessed December 2020.

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Références

Esquenazi et al., TOXINS 2021. AbobotulinumtoxinA: Evidence for Long Duration of Response from 5 Patient Populations.

Olughu et al., TOXINS 2021. The Systematic Approach to Developing a Cell-Free Platform Process for Recombinant Toxin Production.

Mason et al., TOXINS 2021. Digitisation of Toxin Development

Pepeliaev S., TOXINS 2021. Automated fermentation platform for Toxin-based Therapeutics.

Allcock et al., TOXINS 2021. Quantity of Prabotulinumtoxin Type A in 100U vials.

Pryazhnikov et al., TOXINS 2021. Local cortical injection of AbobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport®) enhances the laser injury-induced microglial cell migration and process extension in in mice.

Carré et al., TOXINS 2021. 3D reconstruction and analysis of neuromuscular junction distribution in whole skeletal muscles in the rat using light-sheet microscopy.

Yeo et al., TOXINS 2021. BoNT Intoxication: Functional Genomics Reveals an Unexpected Trafficking Route.

Oehler et al., TOXINS 2021. Effects of recombinant botulinum neurotoxin type A1 on CFA-induced mechanical allodynia and sensory neurone responses to mechanical stimulation monitored with GCaMP fluorescence in mice.

Esquenazi et al., TOXINS 2021. Management of Symptom Re-Emergence in Patients Living with Spasticity and Cervical Dystonia: Findings from 2 Online Patient Surveys

Esquenazi et al., TOXINS 2021. Patients Experiences of Symptom Re-Emergence: Findings from 2 Online Patient Surveys in Spasticity and Cervical Dystonia.

Jacinto et al., TOXINS 2021. Patient Perceptions of Spasticity and Treatment Satisfaction Over the Course of a Botulinum Neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) Treatment Cycle: An Ethnographic Study of Stroke Survivors.

Turner-Stokes et al., TOXINS 2021. Longitudinal Goal Attainment with Integrated Upper Limb Spasticity Management Including Botulinum Toxin A: Primary Results from the ULIS-III Study.

Jacinto et al., TOXINS 2021. Real-Life Data on the Time to Retreatment with Botulinum Toxin A in Upper Limb Spasticity Management.

Rosales et al., TOXINS 2021. Pain in Cervical Dystonia: A Meta-Analysis of Outcomes Following Treatment with AbobotulinumtoxinA in Randomized, Controlled Clinical Studies.

Esquenazi et al., TOXINS 2021. Impact of patient input on the study execution of an observational study assessing the effectiveness of abobotulinumtoxinA treatment in leg spasticity management in adults.

Dursun et al., TOXINS 2021. Improvement of Spastic Paresis and Cervical Dystonia Management: Assessment of Seven Years of the Innovative International Educational Program Ixcellence Network®.

Kestemont et al., TOXINS 2021. Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Liquid Formulation AbobotulinumtoxinA for the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Glabellar Lines: A Phase III, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled and Open-Label Repeat Injection Study.

Smit et al., TOXINS 2021. Patient satisfaction with abobotulinumtoxinA for aesthetic use in the upper face: A Systematic literature review and post hoc analysis of the APPEAL study.

Johnston et al., TOXINS 2021. BoNT-As for Adult Spasticity and Cervical Dystonia: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis and the Cost of Response in the United Kingdom.

Turner-Stokes et al., TOXINS 2021. Economic outcomes in real-world use of botulinum toxin-A products for adult patients with upper limb spasticity: a UK perspective.

Danchenko et al., TOXINS 2021. Cost-Effectiveness of BoNT-A Products for Treatment of Pediatric Spasticity in the United Kingdom

Turner-Stokes et al., TOXINS 2021. The Spasticity-Related Quality of Life 6-Dimensions Tool (SQOL-6D) in Upper Limb Spasticity: A First Psychometric Evaluation

Parekh et al., TOXINS 2021. AbobotulinumtoxinA in the Management of Hallux Valgus in Adult Patients: Results of a Randomized and Placebo-Controlled Phase II Trial.

Oleszek et al., TOXINS 2021. Dosing from a Phase 3, Pivotal Study of AbobotulinumtoxinA Injection in Upper-Limb Muscles in Pediatric Patients with Cerebral Palsy.

Gormley et al., TOXINS 2021. Efficacy and Safety of AbobotulinumtoxinA in Pediatric Lower Limb Spasticity: 2nd Interim Results from a Phase IV, Prospective, Observational, Multicenter Study.

Patel et al., TOXINS 2021. Development of the Hygiene Extension Limb Position Pain (HELP) Tool to Monitor Waning of Clinical Efficacy in Patients with Spasticity or Cervical Dystonia Treated with Botulinum Toxins

TOXINS 2021 Virtual Congress. Virtual Congress Hall. TOXINS. Available at: https://www.neurotoxins.org/toxins-2021-virtual/#:~:text=The%20TOXINS%202021%20virtual%20conference%20will%20provide%20participants%20with%20important,head%20and%20neck%2C%20limb%20dystonia%2C. Accessed January 2021.

Mayo Clinic. Cervical Dystonia. Available at https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervical- dystonia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354123. Accessed December 2020.

John Hopkins Medicine. Spasticity. Accessed: December 2020. Available at: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and- diseases/spasticity. Accessed December 2020.

American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Spasticity. Available at: https://www.aans.org/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Spasticity. Accessed December 2020.

American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Movement Disorders. Available at: https://www.aans.org/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Movement-Disorders. Accessed December 2020.

Kuo C. Post-stroke Spasticity: A review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatments. Int J Gerontol 2018;12:280-284.

Royal College of Physicians, British Society of Rehabilitation, “Spasticity in adults: management using botulinum toxin. National Guidelines”; 2018

Claypool D, et al. Epidemiology and outcome of cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) in Rochester, Minnesota. Movement Disorders 1995;10: 608-614.

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Dystonias Fact Sheet. Available at https://www.ninih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Dystonias-Fact-Sheet. Accessed December 2020.

Castelão M, et al. Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017;12:CD003633.

American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Dystonia. Available at http://www.aans.org/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Dystonia. Accessed December 2020.

Documents Associés

News Center

Dursun et al., TOXINS 2021. Improvement of Spastic Paresis and Cervical Dystonia Management: Assessment of Seven Years of the Innovative International Educational Program Ixcellence Network^®.